Canon
"Literature.. is any kind of writing which for some reasons or another somebody values highly"
-Tony Eagleton, 1983.
A Literary Canon is a classification of literature, It consists of literary works that were considered significant in a particular time period.
Literary canons are constantly changing as they are affected by the experience of writers and readers. Consequently Literature is affected by the experiences and thoughts of writers and readers.
Context is important when considering Literary Canons as literary works that are relevant contextually are likely to be canonized. So literary work that are relevant to ongoing trends or movements in thoughts and art, or those that address historical or contemporary events tend to be canonized.
"Literature.. is any kind of writing which for some reasons or another somebody values highly"
-Tony Eagleton, 1983.
A Literary Canon is a classification of literature, It consists of literary works that were considered significant in a particular time period.
Literary canons are constantly changing as they are affected by the experience of writers and readers. Consequently Literature is affected by the experiences and thoughts of writers and readers.
Context is important when considering Literary Canons as literary works that are relevant contextually are likely to be canonized. So literary work that are relevant to ongoing trends or movements in thoughts and art, or those that address historical or contemporary events tend to be canonized.
1914 - marked the start of the modernist era and World War One.
After the war, many of the soldiers that had returned were shell-shocked and in a psychologically vulnerable state.
War was originally seen as glorious to begin with however after the war, many people opposed it due tot he eye-opening experience and the death tolls.
After the war, many of the soldiers that had returned were shell-shocked and in a psychologically vulnerable state.
War was originally seen as glorious to begin with however after the war, many people opposed it due tot he eye-opening experience and the death tolls.
Freud
Thought of the idea of psychoanalysis He believed everything was a result of your subconscious He thought of the Oedipus complex theory Darwin
Thought of the idea of evolution of people] Challenged Christian Europe as they believed in the world starting from Adam and Eve and the world being made in 6 days. |
Nietzsche
German Philosopher He was interested by how religion worked and how it organised people's lives He was an Atheist. He talked about God being dead |
Post Modern
This was a form of a new type of modernism
People looked at things from an outsider's view
There was unconventional way of writing which brought about..
Existentialism - which is when people believe in themselves and their own values and are not held by an institute, state or religion.
Political comedy - Comedy which was written to bring about change.
Farce- Fast paced, ridiculous comedy
Black comedy- A comedy about serious topics which often consists of laughing at thing's you should not laugh at,
This was a form of a new type of modernism
People looked at things from an outsider's view
There was unconventional way of writing which brought about..
Existentialism - which is when people believe in themselves and their own values and are not held by an institute, state or religion.
Political comedy - Comedy which was written to bring about change.
Farce- Fast paced, ridiculous comedy
Black comedy- A comedy about serious topics which often consists of laughing at thing's you should not laugh at,
Verisimilitude
Realistic speech.
Verisimilitude is sometimes used in plays to make speech realistic.
Speech is determined by some factors such as Situational factors, Status and relationships, discourse and purpose.
Interactional features in speech include turn-taking, pauses, agenda - setting in conversation, modes of address ( for example first-name, title surname, relationship, endearment, honorific, nicknames)
Pragmatics - are not simply the sentences at face value. Pragmatics are inferences and the meaning between the lines. They are what the speaker wants them to mean.
Hedge - A stalling technique to make an utterance more tentative. Sometimes it used t give the speaker more time to think, when they are unsure of a reaction to an utterance, to make a statement less direct or to soften what they have to say in some way.
Hesitation
These are shown by stage directions or ellipses.
The transcript usually consists of a bracket with a number which indicated the length of the pause.
The purpose of a pause shoul;d be linked to the context such as is the character nervous or stalling time.
Overlap/Interruptions
These can give you insight about relationships/status of two characters.
These can indicate excitement, rudeness oran attempt to regain control of the covnersation.
Realistic speech.
Verisimilitude is sometimes used in plays to make speech realistic.
Speech is determined by some factors such as Situational factors, Status and relationships, discourse and purpose.
Interactional features in speech include turn-taking, pauses, agenda - setting in conversation, modes of address ( for example first-name, title surname, relationship, endearment, honorific, nicknames)
Pragmatics - are not simply the sentences at face value. Pragmatics are inferences and the meaning between the lines. They are what the speaker wants them to mean.
Hedge - A stalling technique to make an utterance more tentative. Sometimes it used t give the speaker more time to think, when they are unsure of a reaction to an utterance, to make a statement less direct or to soften what they have to say in some way.
Hesitation
These are shown by stage directions or ellipses.
The transcript usually consists of a bracket with a number which indicated the length of the pause.
The purpose of a pause shoul;d be linked to the context such as is the character nervous or stalling time.
Overlap/Interruptions
These can give you insight about relationships/status of two characters.
These can indicate excitement, rudeness oran attempt to regain control of the covnersation.
Types of speech
Inference - We infer what hsd been uttered by understanding what has gone on before |
Presupposition - Where we assume something before it is uttered Implicature- Where questions are not relevant and meaning a implied. |
90% communication is non verbal and consists of gesticulation, facial expressions and voice inntonation.
Type of exchange
Adjacency pairs
Question + Answer + Comment Request + Response + Acknlowedgement Statement + Comment + Response |
Initiating a turn
Turn-taking is intrinsically linked with power and status. People that take most turns or speak the longest amount of time (holding the floor) Short monosyllabic responses to lengthy questions may mean that the speaker is with-holding infromation and controls the conversation. |
Topic changes
Conversation often changes from one topic to another The person who establishes the topic of a conversation is often Agenda Setting. |
Back channel behaviour
Where a listener indicated the speaker they want the speaker to continue. |